Angular momentum is a fundamental quantity in physics that describes the rotational motion of objects. In quantum physics, it encompasses both the intrinsic spin of particles and their orbital motion ...

"God does not play dice." This famous remark by Albert Einstein critiqued the probabilistic nature of quantum mechanics. Paradoxically, his theory of relativity has become an essential tool for ...

Electron beams have transcended their traditional roles in imaging and lithography to become vital platforms for exploring fundamental quantum phenomena. Central to recent advances is the manipulation ...

a) In a weak magnetic field, broad cyclotron orbits suppress the orbital contribution, allowing spin polarization to dominate, (b) In strong magnetic fields, tight cyclotron orbits enhance orbital ...